Modelling and Simulation of a Single Phase Grid Connected Using Photovoltaic and Battery Based Power Generation

Microgrid is a part of the power distribution system which uses renewable energy based of power generation connected to the grid system. Multi energy power generation is composed of renewable energy systems including photovoltaic, wind turbine, energy storage and local loads. Testbed of a microgrid system is the technique to ensure stable operation during faults and various network disturbances in grid and islanding connected mode. In this paper the microgrid using renewable energy consist of a 3 kW photovoltaic, with 30 pieces of 12V for 100Ah battery bank, DC/DC converter, charge controller for battery, single phase DC/AC inverter and various loads (resistor, capacitor, inductor) are develop. The AC buses 240V voltage include with isolation transformer to simulate the grid voltage level by Matlab/Simulink software

Assessment of Student Program Outcomes through a Comprehensive Exit Strategy

AbstractChoosing methods to assess student program outcomes is a matter of balancing best practices against the constraints imposed by the respective education authorities mainly the Engineering Accreditation Council (EAC) for engineering degrees offered by institutions of higher education in Malaysia. Methods that directly measure student learning and yield the most rigorous results are usually the most time consuming and may require the expertise of educational researchers or outside consultants. Currently, the Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering at UKM use their classroom and existing grading practices to collect data that will contribute to assess student learning directly, but this requires extra time and effort. In addition, mechanisms to adequately report the findings need to be properly implemented. Another mechanism that could be used to assess student program outcomes is through a thoroughly designed student exit strategy. The exit strategy implemented this academic year involves two parts; exit survey and exit test. This is a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) effort done since the past two academic years that enables the department to assess student program outcomes directly and indirectly in one approach. The exit strategy has proven successful as a valid measurement of student program outcomes. The exit strategy which combines both direct and indirect assessment forms a comprehensive and robust tool to effectively measure student program outcomes

Salsa20 based lightweight security scheme for smart meter communication in smart grid

The traditional power gird is altering dramatically to a smart power grid with the escalating development of information and communication technology (ICT). Among thousands of electronic devices connected to the grid through communication network, smart meter (SM) is the core networking device. The consolidation of ICT to the electronic devices centered on SM open loophole for the adversaries to launch cyber-attack. Therefore, for protecting the network from the adversaries it is required to design lightweight security mechanism for SM, as conventional cryptography schemes poses extensive computational cost, processing delay and overhead which is not suitable to be used in SM. In this paper, we have proposed a security mechanism consolidating elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and Salsa20 stream cipher algorithm to ensure security of the network as well as addressing the problem of energy efficiency and lightweight security solution. We have numerically analyzed the performance of our proposed scheme in case of energy efficiency and processing time which reveals that the suggested mechanism is suitable to be used in SM as it consumes less power and requires less processing time to encrypt or decrypt

SOC, SOH and RUL Estimation for Supercapacitor Management System: Methods, Implementation Factors, Limitations and Future Research Improvements

The development of a supercapacitor management system (SMS) for clean energy applications is crucial to addressing carbon emissions problems. Consequently, state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and remaining useful life (RUL) for SMS must be developed to evaluate supercapacitor robustness and reliability for mitigating supercapacitor issues related to safety and economic loss. State estimation of SMS results in safe operation and eliminates undesirable event occurrences and malfunctions. However, state estimations of SMS are challenging and tedious, as SMS is subject to various internal and external factors such as internal degradation mechanism and environmental factors. This review presents a comprehensive discussion and analysis of model-based and data-driven-based techniques for SOC, SOH, and RUL estimations of SMS concerning outcomes, advantages, disadvantages, and research gaps. The work also investigates various key implementation factors such as a supercapacitor test bench platform, experiments, a supercapacitor cell, data pre-processing, data size, model operation, functions, hyperparameter adjustments, and computational capability. Several key limitations, challenges, and issues regarding SOC, SOH, and RUL estimations are outlined. Lastly, effective suggestions are outlined for future research improvements towards delivering accurate and effective SOC, SOH, and RUL estimations of SMS. Critical analysis and discussion would be useful for developing accurate SMS technology for state estimation of a supercapacitor with clean energy and high reliability, and will provide significant contributions towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) to achieve global collaboration and sustainable development goals (SDGs)

Assessment of single phase SRM converters for low power applications

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Assessment of single phase SRM converters for low power applications

PhD ThesisThe switched reluctance machine (SRM) is the least expensive machine to produce yet is very reliable. The drive system for an SRM has to be designed so that there is integration between the machine and the converter-controller configuration. This thesis represents a study relating to power electronic converters for single-phase switched reluctance machine drives with emphasis on the cost of implication of the converters. The study of the converters results in the proposal of a new converter concept based on minimising the cost contribution of the dc link capacitor. By reducing the size of the capacitor, smaller and lighter SP-SRM drive is achieved. A detailed analysis and simulation of the proposed converter has been conducted and enabled a design guideline for the proposed converter to be laid out. A model of the SRM with hysteresis controller is developed. Consequently, components have to be chosen carefully to minimise voltage dip, component stress, and energy loss from the freewheeling resistor. To verify the operation of the new converter, tests were conducted on an experimental rig. The proposed converter has the ability to supply double the peak supply of voltage to the machine winding. In addition, the arrangement of the capacitors and diodes in the voltage multiplier means that positive and negative voltage rails can be supplied to the machine, which is very useful in an SP-SRM drive. The high voltage allows the fast magnetisation of the windings and enables the machine to achieve potentially high speed. Through the arrangements of the capacitors and diodes, the converter is able to handle recovered energy form the windings

Energy management and temperature control for the thermoelectric therapy device

Cryotherapy is one of most popular treatments for treating injuries using cold applications due to various advantages that have been accepted by medical professionals like safe to use and able to reduce pain and inflammation if the treatment is given according to medical specifications. The existing devices in the market such as cryo-cuff will become more efficient if it is capable to control important parameter like cooling temperature during the treatment. Therefore, a study of the therapeutic device control system using thermoelectric module was carried out. This system is based on microcontroller Arduino which makes it convenient for the users to control the gel temperature during the treatment. The aim of the study is to design a cooling therapy device using thermoelectric module for cryotherapy, to design a system that can control temperature and to develop a prototype that can control the desired temperature of gel using Arduino. This prototype uses thermoelectric-cooler (TEC) which will convert electric energy to temperature difference on both sides of the TEC. The PID controller is implemented in the coding of Arduino to obtain a constant gel temperature. In conclusion, the prototype is able to control the temperature reading consistently. In this study, when the temperature is set to 8°C by the Arduino, the result shows the average temperature reading is 8.668°C. Thus, it can be concluded that this thermoelectric therapy device can control the gel temperature set by the user

Penggunaan teknologi kejuruteraan dalam pendidikan STEM bersepadu

Teknologi merupakan salah satu elemen dalam STEM iaitu STEM membawa maksud Sains, Teknologi, Kejuruteraan dan Matematik. Pendidikan STEM bersepadu pula adalah salah satu kaedah agar pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna kepada murid dengan mengaplikasikan pelbagai kaedah pembelajaran. Salah satu pendekatan yang digunakan ialah menggunakan kaedah pembelajaran berasaskan projek (PjBL) yang dapat menjadikan pembelajaran lebih bermakna. Penggunaan teknologi dalam pendekatan STEM bersepadu melalui kaedah pembelajaran berasaskan projek (PjBL) di peringkat sekolah telah diaplikasi di kebanyakan negara maju seperti Amerika Syarikat, Jepun dan Australia. Artikel ini akan mebincangkan tentang penggunaan teknologi dalam pendidikan STEM bersepadu terutama dalam mata pelajaran kejuruteraan iaitu topik Elektronik bagi murid menengah rendah di Malaysia dan beberapa negara lain iaitu Australia, Jepun dan Amerika Syarikat. Perbandingan ciri penggunaan teknologi dalam pendidikan STEM merujuk kepada topik Elektronik dalam Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran (DSKP) mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT) Tingkatan 2 dan 3, pendidikan STEM peringkat global serta yang sedang digunapakai di sekolah-sekolah menengah di Malaysia. Cadangan teknologi berasaskan kejuruteraan yang sesuai digunakan serta modul pembelajaran yang boleh direkabentuk sesuai dengan kehendak DSKP mata pelajaran RBT dan Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013 – 2025 (PPPM 2013-2025) turut dikemukakan supaya modul pembelajaran yang dibangunkan hasil daripada kajian yang dijalankan dapat digunapakai oleh guru dan murid

State of charge estimation in lithium-ion batteries: A neural network optimization approach

© 2020, MDPI AG. All rights reserved. The development of an accurate and robust state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is crucial for the battery lifetime, efficiency, charge control, and safe driving of electric vehicles (EV). This paper proposes an enhanced data-driven method based on a time-delay neural network (TDNN) algorithm for state of charge (SOC) estimation in lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, SOC accuracy is subject to the suitable value of the hyperparameters selection of the TDNN algorithm. Hence, the TDNN algorithm is optimized by the improved firefly algorithm (iFA) to determine the optimal number of input time delay (UTD) and hidden neurons (HNs). This work investigates the performance of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO2 ) and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNiCoAlO2 ) toward SOC estimation under two experimental test conditions: the static discharge test (SDT) and hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test. Also, the accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated under different EV drive cycles and temperature settings. The results show that iFA-based TDNN achieves precise SOC estimation results with a root mean square error (RMSE) below 1%. Besides, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach are validated against uncertainties including noise impacts and aging influences

Assessment of Creativity in Electrical Engineering

AbstractFor a nation to achieve the status of a developed and high income country, it has to grasp innovation. Graduates therefore, have to understand and possess all the abilities directly associated with innovation such as the ability to generate, develop and implement new and meaningful ideas. Creative approaches in problem solving lead to innovation in technology. A study has been done to assess the creativity level of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering undergraduates from the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) has been administered to students who represented Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in a national competition for robotic design. The test provides assessment of five main creativity dimensions as well as scores for evidence of thirteen creative strengths. As a conclusion, the study has identified the creativity level of the students. 67% of the students have Average Standard Score more than 100. The creative potential is then indicated through an index value, which serves as an overall indicator of creative potential. The results from this study can be used by the faculty to plan the best and more effective method of delivery for electrical engineering curriculum to fulfill the aspiration of innovation-led nation